![]() (24h) Marduk Later kings of Akkad would take the name Marduk as part of their ruling name, and boundary stones depicting these early kings are very peculiar as their secret symbolism is not too obvious to the untrained eye. On the boundary stone of Marduk-nasir from 1099-1082 BC, if one looks closely, either the king himself is the stem of the mushroom (21g) or his staff holds that position, as revealed in the stone from 715 BC (21h), and there is consistently, a dome or delineated area above his head, representing the cap. Nintinugga (Ninkarrak) was a Babylonian goddess of healing, the consort of Ninurta. She was also the Akkadian Bau Baba. In medical incantations she was often referred to as Gula, Bēlet or Balāti. Her name means the “great healer” and her epithets were “Great Healer of the Land” and the “Black-Headed One.” She was the daughter of Anu and consort of Ningishzida, Ninurta, or several others depending on the locality. (70) In Nippur, she was known as Ninnibru, “Queen of Nippur.” (71) ![]() ![]() R: (21h) Marduk-apla-iddina II (left) as king of Babylon in 715 BC The Sumerian goddess Inanna and the Babylonian Ishtar were both referred to and comingled in several Akkadian texts as leads us to the conclusion of a sole divinity between them. One aspect of secret symbolism that becomes apparent when viewing images of the figurines or steles is the constant depiction of the body as the bolt or stem of the |
mushroom. Wings sometimes enhance this imagery to create a cap (13a, b, c, e, f). In the Louvre Museum there is a plaque dated from 200-100 BC, featuring her as Astarte, with wings which make a very convincing cap, while she wears a mushroom shaped cap on her head (13a). Other depiction such as the Burney Relief depict her among owls, and holding a version of the ankh in each hand, while her arms make up the stems of the mushroom and the ankh makes up the cap (13b). Clear images of mushrooms appear on a plaque of Astarte from 1700-1200 BC (13c) and other times she might hold what appear to be arrows, but are in fact symbols for the mushroom (13e). And yet earlier depictions of her from 2000-1000 BC are similar to many Sumerian deities, with a mushroom ruffle skirt (13f).![]() ![]() R: (13b) Astarte. British Museum “Burney Relief” c. 1800-1750 BC L: (13c) Astarte c. 1700-1200 BC ![]() ![]() R: (13e) Babylonian Ishtar (70)http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/ listofdeities/gulaninkarrak/index.html (71) Occidental Mythology, p. 14; https://www.ancient.eu/Gula/ |